Ambrose Bierce

Ambrose Bierce

Ambrose Bierce
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Ambrose Bierce par J. H. E. Partington.
Nom de naissance Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce
Naissance
Horse Cave Creek, Ohio,
Drapeau des États-Unis États-Unis
Décès
Drapeau du Mexique Mexique, lieu inconnu
Activité principale
Écrivain
Auteur

Œuvres principales

  • Dictionnaire du diable
  • Ce qui se passa sur le pont de Owl Creek (nouvelle)
Signature de Ambrose Bierce

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Wikipedia
Ambrose Bierce
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Ambrose Bierce par J. H. E. Partington.
Nom de naissance Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce
Naissance 24 juin 1842
Horse Cave Creek, Ohio,
Drapeau des États-Unis États-Unis
Décès 1914
Drapeau du Mexique Mexique, lieu inconnu
Activité principale
Écrivain

Œuvres principales

  • Dictionnaire du diable
  • Ce qui se passa sur le pont de Owl Creek (nouvelle)
Signature de Ambrose Bierce

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Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce (né le 24 juin 1842 à Horse Cave Creek dans l'Ohio ; mort probablement en 1914, ou peut-être le 26 décembre 1913, dans la ville de Chihuahua au Mexique — où il a été vu pour la dernière fois) est un écrivain et journaliste américain.

Il est essentiellement connu comme l'auteur du Dictionnaire du diable et de nouvelles d'humour noir relevant fréquemment du genre fantastique[1],

Biographie

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Enfant de pionniers et d'origine modeste, Ambrose Bierce est autodidacte et exerce très tôt divers petits métiers ; il entre dans une école militaire mais n'y reste qu'un an.

Engagement dans l'armée

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Ambrose Bierce est âgé de 19 ans lorsque la Guerre de Sécession éclate. Il s'engage dans le neuvième régiment de volontaires d'Indiana et devient officier dans le camp des Nordistes. Il est promu lieutenant en 1863. Blessé à la tête à la bataille de Kennesaw Mountain le 23 juin 1864, il est démobilisé en 1865 à la fin de la guerre. Son expérience des combats et les images de carnages marqueront profondément tous ses futurs écrits[2].

Activité journalistique

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Ambrose Bierce émigre alors vers l'Ouest et travaille au News-Letter & California Advertiser de San Francisco où il tient une rubrique satirique. Il acquiert une solide réputation de plume acerbe et devient rédacteur en chef à 26 ans. Il se marie en 1871, et publie sa première nouvelle la même année, puis part chercher fortune en Angleterre. Son séjour frise l'échec, il rentre amer aux États-Unis en 1875 où il exerce divers métiers avant de revenir au journalisme. Il est rédacteur au journal satirique The Wasp (en) à partir de 1881 et y publie ses premières définitions qui vont constituer son futur Dictionnaire du diable qui sera publié en 1906. Il est embauché en 1887 par William Randolph Hearst, magnat de la presse, et entame avec lui une longue et fructueuse collaboration. Son activité de nouvelliste l'occupe également beaucoup. Il corrige ses écrits dans différents recueils : Histoires de soldats et de civils en 1891, De telles choses sont-elles possibles ? et Histoires négligeables en 1893[3].

Famille

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Ambrose Bierce est moins heureux dans sa vie privée : son premier fils meurt à la suite d'un duel au revolver avec un rival amoureux en 1889, il quitte sa femme en 1891 et son deuxième fils décède en 1901 des suites de son alcoolisme.

Disparition

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On ne connaît pas avec précision la date ni les circonstances de sa mort. Ambrose Bierce serait allé rejoindre en octobre 1913, à l'âge de 71 ans, les rangs de l'armée du Nord de Pancho Villa pendant la guerre civile qui suivit la révolution mexicaine de 1910 et n'aurait jamais été revu. L'écrivain mexicain Carlos Fuentes a écrit un roman, Le Vieux Gringo, où il imagine ce qu'a pu être cette épopée[4].

Dans les représentations

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Dans le dernier volet de la trilogie cinématographique Une nuit en enfer, une trame scénaristique de type fantastique imagine le dernier chapitre de la vie de l'écrivain.

Œuvre

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250px-Ambrose_Bierce_1892-10-07.jpgAmbrose Bierce en 1892.

Recueils

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  • Cobwebs from an Empty Skull (1874) (Les Fables de Zambri)
  • Tales of Soldiers and Civilians, aussi intitulé In the Midst of Life (En plein cœur de la vie, tome I : Histoires de soldats et En plein cœur de la vie, tome II : Histoires de civils), (1891)
  • The Monk and the Hangman's Daughter (Le Moine et la fille du bourreau) (1892)
  • Can Such Things Be? (De telles choses sont-elles possibles ?) (1893)
  • Fantastic Fables (Fables fantastiques) (1899)
  • 1911 : Dictionnaire du diable (The Devil's Dictionary) - publié pour la première fois sous le titre The Cynic's Word Book en 1906
  • Collected Works (1909) dont un extrait a été publié Épigrammes, Paris, Allia, 2014 trad. T. Gillybœuf (ISBN 978-2-84485-857-3)
  • Write It Right (1909)
  • A Horseman in the Sky, A Watcher by the Dead, The Man and the Snake (1920)
  • The Staley Fleming's Hallucination
  • Histoires impossibles
  • Morts violentes
  • La vague de l’océan comprenant Un amer souvenir de mer (A Shipwreckollection) (1874), Le capitaine du Chameau (The Captain of the "Camel") (1875), Un homme à la mer (The Man Overboard) (1876), Une cargaison de chats (A Cargo of Cat) (1885), Paris, Éditions Interférences, 1995 trad. Anne Dechanet (ISBN 978-2-90958-902-2)

Nouvelles

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Ambrose Bierce a écrit près d'une centaine de nouvelles, très souvent sur la mort de l'individu et son absurdité. Parmi celles-ci, on peut citer, parmi les nouvelles du recueil Morts violentes consacré aux horreurs de la guerre de Sécession :

  • Ce qui se passa sur le pont de Owl Creek (An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge), décrivant les derniers instants d'un pendu (le film français La Rivière du hibou de Robert Enrico, Marcel Ichac et Paul de Roubaix relate cette histoire et reçut l'Oscar du court métrage 1964),
  • Chickamauga, du nom d'une bataille qui fit près de 4 000 tués et à laquelle Bierce participa, errance d'un jeune enfant sourd-muet sur le lieu du drame, nouvelle aussi portée à l'écran par Robert Enrico
  • L'Oiseau-moqueur, nouvelle également adaptée par Robert Enrico,
  • Le Coup de Grâce qui met en scène des soldats de la guerre de Sécession
  • À la dérive Contes divers. Le Castor Astral, collection « Les inattendus », 2014 pour la traduction française. 190 p. (ISBN 9-791-0-278-0005-6)

Notes et références

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  1. ↑ Plusieurs des récits fantastiques d’A. Bierce sont résumés et analysés par H.P. Lovecraft dans Supernatural Horror in Literature, 1927 (Épouvante et surnaturel en littérature, trad. B. Da Costa, éd. U.G.E., coll. « 10/18 » no 583, 3e trimestre 1971).
  2. ↑ Site lacauselitteraire.fr, article Récits de la guerre de Sécession (Tales of the Civil War), d'Ambrose Bierce par Leon-Marc Levy.
  3. ↑ Site des éditions sillage, fiche biographique d'Ambrose Pierce.
  4. ↑ Site monde-diplomatique.fr, article et extrait du livre, publié le 8 mai 1986 "Le Vieux Gringo".

Voir aussi

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Bibliographie

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  • (en-US) S. T. Joshi, The Weird Tale : Arthur Machen, Lord Dunsany, Algernon Blackwood, M. R. James, Ambrose Bierce, H. P. Lovecraft, Holicong (Pennsylvanie), Wildside Press, 2003 (1re éd. 1990, Austin, University of Texas Press), XII-292 p. (ISBN 978-0-8095-3122-6, lire en ligne), chap. 3 (« Ambrose Bierce : Horror as Satire »), p. 143-167.

Articles connexes

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  • Chamfort
  • George Bernard Shaw

Liens externes

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Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :

  • Ambrose Bierce, sur Wikimedia Commons
  • Ambrose Bierce, sur Wikisource
  • Ambrose Bierce, sur Wikiquote

  • (en) Site officielVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
  • Ressources relatives à la littératureVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata :
    • The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
    • Internet Speculative Fiction Database
    • NooSFere
    • Poetry Foundation
  • Ressources relatives à la musiqueVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata :
    • International Music Score Library Project
    • Discogs
    • MusicBrainz
  • Ressources relatives à la bande dessinéeVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata :
    • BD Gest'
    • Comic Vine
    • Tebeosfera
  • Ressources relatives à l'audiovisuelVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata :
    • Allociné
    • IMDb
    • Unifrance
  • Ressource relative au spectacleVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata :
    • Les Archives du spectacle
  • Ressource relative aux beaux-artsVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata :
    • British Museum
  • Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistesVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata :
    • American National Biography
    • Britannica
    • Brockhaus
    • Den Store Danske Encyklopædi
    • Deutsche Biographie
    • Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana
    • Hrvatska Enciklopedija
    • Internetowa encyklopedia PWN
    • Nationalencyklopedin
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  • icône décorative Portail de la littérature américaine
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  • icône décorative Portail de la fantasy et du fantastique

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Tales of the Dark Romantics & Beyond

Edgar Allan Poe

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512 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 6h24min.
At the heart of Dark Romanticism is its brooding, pessimistic tone, its emphasis on the supernatural and the sins of humanity, and its use of iconic symbols and horrifying imagery. The classic Dark Romantic authors (Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville) are represented in the stories and poems in this volume, as well as some authors who are not commonly included in this genre. And then there are the poets and folklorists momentarily dabbling in the themes of death, loss and the supernatural, resulting in a collection of classic tales that will chill the listener to the bone.
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Affiche du document Can Such Things Be? ( Unabridged )

Can Such Things Be? ( Unabridged )

Ambrose Bierce

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604 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 7h33min.
24 short stories in fairly typical Bierce fashion - ghostly, spooky, to be read (or listened to) in the dark, perhaps with a light crackling fire burning dimly in the background. Stories of ghosts, apparitions, and strange, inexplicable occurrences are prevalent in these tales, some of which occur on or near Civil War fields of battle, some in country cottages, and some within urban areas. Can Such Things Be? implies and relates that anything is possible, at any time.
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Affiche du document The Best Stories of Ambrose Bierce. Illustrated : An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, Chickamauga, The Death of Halpin Frayser, The Middle Toe of the Right Foot

The Best Stories of Ambrose Bierce. Illustrated : An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, Chickamauga, The Death of Halpin Frayser, The Middle Toe of the Right Foot

Ambrose Bierce

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31 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 23min.
The Best Stories of Ambrose Bierce is a compelling collection of darkly imaginative tales by one of America’s most distinctive literary voices. Known for his sharp wit, macabre sensibilities, and haunting prose, Bierce crafts stories that linger in the mind and challenge perceptions of reality. This anthology features some of his most celebrated works, including An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, a gripping tale of illusion and mortality set during the Civil War; Chickamauga, a poignant and unsettling exploration of the horrors of war through a child’s eyes; The Death of Halpin Frayser, a chilling foray into the supernatural; and The Middle Toe of the Right Foot, a ghost story filled with eerie twists and dark justice. Bierce’s storytelling combines psychological depth, vivid imagery, and unexpected endings, offering readers a unique blend of horror, irony, and philosophical reflection. Each tale is a testament to his ability to probe the darker corners of human experience while maintaining a sharp critique of societal norms. Illustrated to enhance the reader’s immersion, this collection is an essential addition for fans of classic literature, Gothic fiction, and thought-provoking short stories. The Best Stories of Ambrose Bierce invites readers to experience the genius of an author whose works continue to captivate and unsettle. Contents: An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Chickamauga The Death of Halpin Frayser The Middle Toe of the Right Foot
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Affiche du document An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge

Ambrose Bierce

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Affiche du document A Cynic Looks At Life

A Cynic Looks At Life

Ambrose Bierce

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34 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 25min.
In this collection of satiric essays, Ambrose Bierce offers his provoking outlook on a series of subjects. This collection includes, "Civilization", "Immortality", "The Death Penalty", "The Gift o' Gab", "Natura Benigna", "Emancipated Woman", "A Mad World", and "Epigrams of a Cynic". Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914) was an American writer, journalist, critic, poet, and Civil War veteran, best known for "The Devil's Dictionary" (1911). He dominated the horror genre as the preeminent innovator of supernatural storytelling in the period between the death of Edgar Allan Poe and the rise of H.P. Lovecraft. Bierce’s death was as mysterious as his strange stories; sometime around 1914 he left for Mexico, wanting to experience the Mexican Revolution firsthand, and was never to be seen again.
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Affiche du document In the Midst of Life; Tales of Soldiers and Civilians

In the Midst of Life; Tales of Soldiers and Civilians

Ambrose Bierce

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131 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 1h38min.
The stories featured in this collection detail the lives of soldiers and civilians during the American Civil War. Bierce served as a union soldier during the Civil War and his experiences as a soldier served as an inspiration for his writing, particularly for the Soldiers section. In this way, Bierce's anticipates and parallels the work of Ernest Hemingway's, just as his civilian tales later influenced horror writers. Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914) was an American writer, journalist, critic, poet, and Civil War veteran, best known for The Devil's Dictionary (1911). He dominated the horror genre as the preeminent innovator of supernatural storytelling in the period between the death of Edgar Allan Poe and the rise of H.P. Lovecraft. Bierce’s death was as mysterious as his strange stories; sometime around 1914 he left for Mexico, wanting to experience the Mexican Revolution firsthand, and was never to be seen again.
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Affiche du document Iconoclastic Memories of the Civil War

Iconoclastic Memories of the Civil War

Ambrose Bierce

21min45

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29 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 22min.
In "Iconoclastic Memories of the Civil War: Bits of Autobiography," Bierce recounts some of his experiences as a soldier. At the outset of the American Civil War, Bierce enlisted in the Union Army's 9th Indiana Infantry Regiment. In February 1862 he was commissioned First Lieutenant, and served on the staff of General William Babcock Hazen as a topographical engineer, making maps of likely battlefields. Bierce fought at the Battle of Shiloh (April 1862), a terrifying experience that became a source for several later short-stories as well as the memoir, "What I Saw of Shiloh". In June 1864, he sustained a serious head wound at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, and spent the rest of the summer on furlough, returning to active duty in September. He was discharged from the army in January 1865. Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914) was an American writer, journalist, critic, poet, and Civil War veteran, best known for "The Devil's Dictionary" (1911). He dominated the horror genre as the preeminent innovator of supernatural storytelling in the period between the death of Edgar Allan Poe and the rise of H.P. Lovecraft. Bierce’s death was as mysterious as his strange stories; sometime around 1914 he left for Mexico, wanting to experience the Mexican Revolution firsthand, and was never to be seen again.
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Affiche du document Present at a Hanging and Other Ghost Stories

Present at a Hanging and Other Ghost Stories

Ambrose Bierce

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32 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 24min.
"Present at a Hanging and Other Ghost Stories" features fifteen ghost and horror stories. Included in this collection are: "The Way of Ghosts", "Soldier Folk", "Some Haunted Houses" and "Mysterious Disappeances". Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914) was an American writer, journalist, critic, poet, and Civil War veteran, best known for "The Devil's Dictionary" (1911). He dominated the horror genre as the preeminent innovator of supernatural storytelling in the period between the death of Edgar Allan Poe and the rise of H.P. Lovecraft. Bierce’s death was as mysterious as his strange stories; sometime around 1914 he left for Mexico, wanting to experience the Mexican Revolution firsthand, and was never to be seen again.
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Affiche du document The Parenticide Club

The Parenticide Club

Ambrose Bierce

12min45

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17 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 13min.
"The Parenticide Club" features four short-stories about a family murder, as seen from the eye of its most innocent member, who just might be the murderer himself. Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914) was an American writer, journalist, critic, poet, and Civil War veteran, best known for The Devil's Dictionary (1911). He dominated the horror genre as the preeminent innovator of supernatural storytelling in the period between the death of Edgar Allan Poe and the rise of H.P. Lovecraft. Bierce’s death was as mysterious as his strange stories; sometime around 1914 he left for Mexico, wanting to experience the Mexican Revolution firsthand, and was never to be seen again.
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Affiche du document The Middle Toe of the Right Foot

The Middle Toe of the Right Foot

Ambrose Bierce

08min15

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11 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 08min.
First published in 1890, ‘The Middle Toe of the Right Foot’ is a classic ghost story from famous American author Ambrose Bierce. A gruesome and horrifying murder has taken place. Manton, the only one left alive, flees the scene, leaving the house empty and abandoned. When a group of young men stumble across the empty property many years later, strange and unexplainable things start to happen. A terrifying tale suitable for all horror lovers. Ambrose Bierce (1842 - 1914) was an American author, journalist, and poet, best known for his horror and fiction stories. Born in Ohio to a large family, Bierce left home at 15 to become a printer’s apprentice. Bierce saw action during the American Civil War, and his terrifying experiences were recounted in horrifying and realistic detail in many of his stories such as ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge’ and ‘One of the Missing’. Bierce also become known for his ghost and psychological horror stories, as well as his poetry. One of his most famous works is ‘The Devil’s Dictionary’ which contained satirical definitions of English words. Bierce wrote a letter to a friend in 1913 stating ‘I leave here tomorrow for an unknown destination’ before mysteriously vanishing without a trace.
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Affiche du document A Holy Terror

A Holy Terror

Ambrose Bierce

10min30

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14 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 10min.
Buried treasure. An abandoned cemetery. An inexperienced gravedigger. What could go wrong? When Jefferson Doman learns of a generous treasure left by an old friend, he locates the supposed burial site - the grave of a mysterious woman named Scarry. As he begins to dig, he uncovers much more than just treasure. Ambrose Bierce’s ‘A Holy Terror’ follows the misadventures of Jefferson Doman and the bizarre, disturbing, and inexplicable things that he encounters along the way. Sparing descriptions, a fast pace, and an irresistible mystery make this story unmissable for fans of Jack London, Mark Twain, and H.P Lovecraft. Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914) was an American author and journalist. Affectionately known as ‘Bitter Bierce’, his horror and fiction stories are famed for their cynicism, obscurity, and sardonic view of human nature. Some of his most notable works include ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge', ‘Tales of Soldiers and Civilians’ and ‘The Moonlit Road’.
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Affiche du document A Watcher by the Dead

A Watcher by the Dead

Ambrose Bierce

09min45

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13 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 10min.
Dr. Helberson and his friends, Harper and Mancher, are enjoying a night of smoking and drinking in the good doctor’s office when a question arises. Is a fear of the dead curable? The doctor believes it absolutely is and sets about organising a wager with his friends. They find a local gambler named Jarette and bet a large sum of money on whether he can spend the night locked in a room with a corpse without losing his mind. A haunting tale full of monstrous imagery, which deftly displays Bierce’s terrifying mastery of the horror genre. If you loved ‘The Conjuring’ you will love this classic ghost story. Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914) was an American author, journalist, critic and soldier, best known for his works of horror and fiction. He was a truly talented writer whose ability was not bound to one genre. His works of horror draw honourable comparison to Edgar Allan Poe and H.P Lovecraft while his more humorous, satirical work draws the comparison to such literary greats as Jonathan Swift and Voltaire. Bierce’s ‘The Devils Dictionary’ has been named one of ‘The 100 Greatest Masterpieces of American Literature’. His war stories such as ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge’ and ‘Tales of Soldiers and Civilians’ are amongst his best works and are said to have inspired Ernest Hemingway and Stephen Crane. Even Bierce’s end is as mysterious as one of his own tales, travelling to Mexico to cover the revolution first-hand but never being heard or seen from again.
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Affiche du document The Cultured Bumpkin Presents: Great American Short Stories

The Cultured Bumpkin Presents: Great American Short Stories

Ambrose Bierce

3h47min15

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303 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 3h47min.
A compilation of popular short stories from American literature narrated by professional voice actor Jake Phillips.
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Affiche du document Devil's Dictionary

Devil's Dictionary

Ambrose Bierce

1h39min45

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133 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 1h40min.
The Devil's Dictionary is a satirical reference book offering an eclectic selection of terms, political doublespeak, as well as other aspects of human foolishness and frailty. Skillfully written by one of the most prolific satirists, fabulists and editorialists, Ambrose Bierce.
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Affiche du document Write It Right

Write It Right

Ambrose Bierce

29min15

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39 pages. Temps de lecture estimé 29min.
The author's main purpose in this book is to teach precision in writing; and of good writing (which, essentially, is clear thinking made visible) precision is the point of capital concern. It is attained by choice of the word that accurately and adequately expresses what the writer has in mind, and by exclusion of that which either denotes or connotes something else. As Quintilian puts it, the writer should so write that his reader not only may, but must, understand.
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